Bioactive Compounds and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from Fermented African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa ) Against Pathogenic Microorganisms

Rachael Nkechi  Eboma; Clement Olusola  Ogidi; Bamidele Juliet  Akinyele

doi:10.51745/najfnr.4.8.343-350

Bioactive Compounds and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from Fermented African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa ) Against Pathogenic Microorganisms

PDF (Full text)

Food Microbiology, Safety and Toxicology

DOI https://doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.4.8.343-350

Issue Vol. 4 No. 8 (2020): July - December: 2020

Submitted 2020-10-22

Published 2021-01-01

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Background: The challenges of multiple antibiotic resistance by pathogenic microorganisms has necessitated the need for a continuous searching for new and effective antimicrobial bioactive compounds.

Aims: In this study, antimicrobial activity of extracts from fermented condiment from Parkia biglobosa was investigated against some pathogenic microorganisms.

Materials and Methods: Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify bioactive compounds in n-hexane extract (oil). Aqueous and n-hexane extracts of locust beans were tested against clinical isolates; viz., Klebsiella spp., Aeromonas hydrophilia, Citrobacter braakii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Aspergillus spp. and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion method.

Results: The study revealed the phytochemicals in oil as phenols (41.8 mg/100g), flavonoids of 19.37 mg/100g, saponins (16.7 mg/100g), alkaloids (22.9 mg/100g), steroids (6.9 mg/100g), terpenoids (10.0 mg/100g) and cardiac glycosides (3.3 mg/100g). The aqueous extract contains phenols (33.7 mg/100g), flavonoids (12.3 mg/100g), alkaloids (17.6 mg/100g), saponins (5.0 mg/100g) and cardiac glycosides (1.2 mg/100g). The bioactive compounds in the n-hexane extract were ricinoleic acid, p-cymene, octadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid and others. Oil from fermented locust bean exhibited zones of inhibition ranging from 5 mm to 14 mm against the tested isolates at 10 mg/mL, while the aqueous extract displayed inhibition zones of 4 mm to 10 mm at 10.0 mg/mL.

Conclusion: The chemical constituents in locally fermented condiment (locust bean) are responsible for pronounced antimicrobial properties. Hence, the condiment can be exploited for medicinal purposes.

Keywords

Fermented Food Condiment N-Hexane Phytochemicals and Antimicrobials

Rachael Nkechi Eboma

Department of Microbiology, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704 Akure
Clement Olusola Ogidi

Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Kings University, PMB 555, Odeomu
Bamidele Juliet Akinyele

Department of Microbiology, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704 Akure

PDF (Full text)

How to Cite

Eboma, R. N. ., Ogidi, C. O. ., & Akinyele, B. J. . (2021). Bioactive Compounds and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from Fermented African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa ) Against Pathogenic Microorganisms. The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 4(8), 343-350. https://doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.4.8.343-350

More Citation Formats

Download Citation

1. Reygaert, W.C. (2018). An overview of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria. AIMS Microbiology, 4(3), 482–501. https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2018.3.482

2. Cohen, M. L. (1992). Epidemiology of drug resistance: Implications for a post--antimicrobial era. Science, 257(5073), 1050-1055. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.257.5073.1050

3. Nascimento, G. G., Locatelli, J., Freitas, P. C., & Silva, G. L. (2000). Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 31(4), 247-256. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-83822000000400003

4. Gupta, P. D., & Birdi, T. J. (2017). Development of botanicals to combat antibiotic resistance. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 8(4), 266-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2017.05.004

5. Mendelson, M. (2015). Role of antibiotic stewardship in extending the age of modern medicine. South African Medical Journal, 105(5), 414-418. https://doi.org/10.7196/samj.9635

6. Casuga, F. P., Castillo, A. L., & Corpuz, M. J. (2016). GC–MS analysis of bioactive compounds present in different extracts of an endemic plant Broussonetia luzonica (Blanco) (Moraceae) leaves. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 6(11), 957-961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.015

7. Momin, M. A., Bellah, S. F., Rahman, S. M., Rahman, A. A., Murshid, G. M., & Emran, T. B. (2014). Phytopharmacological evaluation of ethanol extract of Sida cordifolia L. roots. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4(1), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(14)60202-1

8. Pandey, A., & Kumar, S. (2013). Perspective on plant products as antimicrobials agents: A review. Pharmacologia, 4(7), 469-480. https://doi.org/10.5567/pharmacologia.2013.469.480

9. Wink, M. (2012). Medicinal plants: A source of anti-parasitic secondary metabolites. Molecules, 17(11), 12771-12791. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules171112771

10. Galm, U., & Shen, B. (2007). Natural product drug discovery: The times have never been better. Chemistry & Biology, 14(10), 1098-1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.10.004

11. Thiombiano, D. N., Parkouda, C., Lamien, N., Sr, A., Castro-Euler, A. M., & Boussim, I. J. (2014). Nutritional composition of five food trees species products used in human diet during food shortage period in Burkina Faso. African Journal of Biotechnology, 13(17), 1807-1812. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2013.13462

12. Igoli, J., Ogaji, O., Tor-Anyiin, T., & Igoli, N. (2005). Traditional medicine practice amongst the Igede people of Nigeria. Part II. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2(2), 134-152. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v2i2.31112

13. Tokoudagba, J., Auger, C., Bréant, L., N’Gom, S., Chabert, P., Idris-Khodja, N., Gbaguidi, F., Gbenou, J., Moudachirou, M., Lobstein, A., & Schini-Kerth, V. B. (2010). Procyanidin-rich fractions from Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae) leaves cause redox-sensitive endothelium-dependent relaxation involving NO and EDHF in porcine coronary artery. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 132(1), 246-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.031

14. Kouadio, F., Kanko, C., Juge, M., Grimaud, N., Jean, A., N'Guessan, Y.T., & Petit, J.Y. (2000). Analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of an extract from Parkia biglobosa used in traditional medicine in the Ivory Coast. Phytotherapy Research: PTR, 14(8), 635–637. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200012)14:8<635::aid-ptr427>3.0.co;2-t

15. Asuzu, I., & Harvey, A. (2003). The antisnake venom activities of Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae) stem bark extract. Toxicon, 42(7), 763-768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2003.10.004

16. Adelekan, A. (2012). Bacterial succession studies during fermentation of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa ) to Iru using molecular methods. British Biotechnology Journal, 2(1), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.9734/bbj/2012/586

17. Ezuruike, U. F., & Prieto, J. M. (2014). The use of plants in the traditional management of diabetes in Nigeria: pharmacological and toxicological considerations. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 155(2), 857–924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.055

18. Abdulrahman, B. O., Osibemhe, M., & Idoko, A. S. (2016). The status of mineral and anti-nutritional composition of raw and fermented seeds of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa ). International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, 3(2), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2016.302.001

19. Eka, O. U. (1980). Effect of fermentation on the nutrient status of locust beans. Food Chemistry, 5(4), 303-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(80)90051-5

20. Burlando, B., Palmero, S., & Cornara, L. (2019). Nutritional and medicinal properties of underexploited legume trees from West Africa. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(sup1), S178–S188. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1551776

21. Krzyczkowska, J., & Kozłowska, M. (2017). Effect of oils extracted from plant seeds on the growth and Lipolytic activity of Yarrowia lipolyticayeast. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 94(5), 661-671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-017-2975-1

22. Azwanida, N. N. (2015). A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants, principle, strength and limitation. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, 04(03), 196. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0412.1000196

23. Trease, G. E., Evans, W. C. (2002). Fifteenth Edition. Philadelphian Journal Elsevier Science Limited. p. 336.

24. Obadoni, B. O., & Ochuko, P. O. (2002). Phytochemical studies and comparative efficacy of the crude extracts of some haemostatic plants in Edo and delta states of Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 8(2), 203-208. https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v8i2.16033

25. Singleton, V. L., Orthofer, R., & Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods in enzymology, 299, 152-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(99)99017-1

26. Stankovic, M. S., Niciforovic N., Topuzovic M. & Solujic S. (2011) Total phenolic content, flavonoid concentrations and antioxidant activity, of the whole plant and plant parts extracts from Teucrium Montanum L. Var. Montanum, f. Supinum (L.) Reichenb, Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 25:1, 2222-2227. https://doi.org/10.5504/BBEQ.2011.0020

27. Abioye, E., Akinpelu, D., Aiyegoro, O., Adegboye, M., Oni, M., & Okoh, A. (2013). Preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial properties of crude stem bark extracts and fractions of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.). Molecules, 18(7), 8485-8499. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18078485

28. Sparkman, O. D., Penton, Z. E., & Kitson, F. G. (2011). Mass spectrometry instrumentation. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry: A Practical Guide, 89-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-373628-4.00004-6

29. Cheesbrough, M. (2006). District laboratory practice in tropical countries. p. 299-331.

30. National Research Council. (2011). 8th edition. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. The national academic Press, Washington D. C.

31. Komolafe, B. M., Ogundare, A. O., & Adebolu, T. T. (2013). Therapeutic and immunomodulatory effects of raw maize" OGI" on rats infected with Escherichia coli 0157: H7. Journal of Life Sciences, 7(6), 570. https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7391/2013.06.002

32. Ajaiyeoba, E. O. (2002). Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Parkia biglobosa and Parkia bicolor leaf extracts. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 5(3), 125-129. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajbr.v5i3.54000

33. Cushnie, T. T., & Lamb, A. J. (2011). Recent advances in understanding the antibacterial properties of flavonoids. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 38(2), 99-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.02.014

34. Friedman, M. (2007). Overview of antibacterial, antitoxin, antiviral, and antifungal activities of tea flavonoids and teas. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 51(1), 116-134. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200600173

35. Manner, S., Skogman, M., Goeres, D., Vuorela, P., & Fallarero, A. (2013). Systematic exploration of natural and synthetic flavonoids for the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14(10), 19434-19451. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms141019434

36. Patel, S. (2016). Plant-derived cardiac glycosides: Role in heart ailments and cancer management. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 84, 1036-1041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.030

37. Oluwaniyi, O., & Bazambo, I. (2014). Anti-nutritional and phytochemical evaluation of raw and fermented African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) seeds. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 20(2), 105-109. https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v20i2.4

38. Shi, J., Arunasalam, K., Yeung, D., Kakuda, Y., Mittal, G., & Jiang, Y. (2004). Saponins from edible legumes: Chemistry, processing, and health benefits. Journal of Medicinal Food, 7(1), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1089/109662004322984734

39. Mohammadi, A., Nazari, H., Imani, S., & Amrollahi, H. (2014). Antifungal activities and chemical composition of some medicinal plants. Journal de Mycologie Médicale, 24(2), e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.02.006

40. Millogo-Kone, H., Guissou, I., Nacoulma, O., & Traore, A. S. (2007). Antimicrobial effects of the stem bark extracts of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth. on Shigellae. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicines: AJTCAM, 4(4), 392–396. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v4i4.31234

41. Osemwegie, O., & Dahunsi, S. (2015). in-vitro effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Parkia biglobossa (Jacq.) Benth on selected microorganisms. Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology, 29(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v29i1.2

42. Daramola, B. (2015). Preliminary Studies on Antioxidative Potentials of Extracts of Defatted Locust Bean Condiment. Journal of Food Biosciences and Technology, 05(1), 23-30.

43. Philis, J. G. (2005). The S1 ← S0 spectrum of jet-cooled P-cymene. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 61(6), 1239-1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2004.06.046

44. Marchese, A., Arciola, C., Barbieri, R., Silva, A., Nabavi, S., Tsetegho Sokeng, A., Izadi, M., Jafari, N., Suntar, I., Daglia, M., & Nabavi, S. (2017). Update on Monoterpenes as antimicrobial agents: A particular focus on P-cymene. Materials, 10(8), 947. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10080947

45. Rahman, M. M., Ahmad, S. H., Mohamed, M. T., & Ab Rahman, M. Z. (2014). Antimicrobial compounds from leaf extracts of Jatropha curcas, Psidium guajava, and Andrographis paniculata. The Scientific World Journal, 14, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/635240

46. Al-Jasass, F.M., & Al-Jasser, M.S. (2012). Chemical composition and fatty acid content of some spices and herbs under Saudi Arabia conditions. The Scientific World Journal, 12, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/859892

47. Moussa, T. A., & Almaghrabi, O. A. (2016). Fatty acid constituents of Peganum harmala plant using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 23(3), 397-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.04.013

48. Bello, O. M., Ibitoye, T. & Adetunji, C. (2019). Assessing antimicrobial agents of Nigeria flora. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 31 (4): 1379-1383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2018.04.017

49. Jauro, S., Abubakar, M., Geidam, Y., Zanna, M., Kwoji, I., Gulani, I., & Ibrahim, I. (2018). Phytochemical and antimicrobial profile analysis of Parkia biglobosa against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 5(3), 173-181. https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2018.e263

50. Udobi, C.E., & Onaolapo, J.A. (2010). Cell kill pattern and acute toxicity studies of the aqueous fraction of the methanolic extract of parts of Parkia biglobosa. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(31), 4993-4998. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB09.798.

51. Dosumu, O., Oluwaniyi, O., Awolola, G., & Oyedeji, O. (2012). Nutritional composition and antimicrobial properties of three Nigerian condiments. Nigerian Food Journal, 30(1), 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0189-7241(15)30012-6

52. De, N. B., & Ifeoma, E. (2002). Antimicrobial effects of components of the bark extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss). Technology and Development, 8, 23-28. http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/id/eprint/5103

53. Herman, R. A., Wang, J., Amuzu, P., Shittu, S., Wu, F., & Wang, J. (2020). Evaluation of inhibitory activities of two medicinal plant extracts Parkia biglobosa and Lonicera japonica against spoilage microorganisms isolated from mulberry fruit. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 44(8), e14630. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.14630

54. Stott, G. J., & Lewis, S. M. (1995). A simple and reliable method for estimating haemoglobin. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 73(3), 369. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/264012

55. Sunday, E. A., Onyeyili, P. A., & Saganuwan, S. A. (2019). Therapeutic effects of Byrsocarpus coccineus root bark extract on bacterially and chemically induced diarrhea in the Wistar albino rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica). Animal Models and Experimental Medicine, 2(4), 312-325. https://doi.org/10.1002/ame2.12094

56. Momoh, O. (2012). Haematological and histopathological effects of oil from castor seeds (Ricinus communis Linn.) on albino-rats. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 4(4), 40-43. https://doi.org/10.5897/jpp11.077

57. Provan, D., Singer, C. R. J., Baglin, T., Lilleyman, J. (2004). Oxford Handbook of Clinical Hematology. Oxford University Press. Inc., New York.

58. Kern, W. F. (2002). PDQ (Pretty Darned Quick) Hematology. BC Decker Inc., Hamilton, London, Ethmobotanical, 12. p. 42-48.

59. Henderson, B., Oyston, P. C. F. (2003). Bacterial Evasion of Host Immune Responses: Advanced in Molecular and Cellular Microbiology 2. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.

60. Godin, B., Touitou, E., Rubinstein, E., Athamna, A., & Athamna, M. (2005). A new approach for treatment of deep skin infections by an ethosomal antibiotic preparation: An in vivo study. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 55(6), 989-994. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dki125

More

Bioactive Compounds and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from Fermented African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa ) Against Pathogenic Microorganisms

Keywords

How to Cite

Similar Articles

Downloads 1644

Views 2518

Country (Top 10)

Make a Submission

Journal Issue

Keywords

Browse by Category

Information

Highly Accessed

Published by

Useful Links

Connect

Contact Us