Critical evaluation of the discrepancy between whole and refined foods: nutritional implications
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Abstract
Background: Contemporary dietary guidelines increasingly promote whole foods due to their purported nutritional superiority, including essential micronutrients, phytochemicals, and dietary fiber. However, defining what constitutes whole grains and whole foods remains ambiguous, causing confusion among consumers and in the food industry. Inconsistencies in global definitions and regulations have resulted in discrepancies in labeling, making it difficult for consumers to make informed decisions.
Aims: This review aims to elucidate the complexities surrounding whole foods, from their definitions to their nutritional impact. By examining global regulations and conducting a comparative analysis of whole and refined products, this study seeks to provide insights into the nutritional composition of these foods and their implications for consumer health.
Methods: An exhaustive literature review was conducted to gather information on definitions, regulations, and the nutritional composition of whole grains and whole foods. Sources included bibliographic databases, international organizations, and technical reports. Additionally, nutritional composition analyses of commercial cereal-based products were performed, comparing nutritional label data with the United States Department of Agriculture food composition table.
Results: Significant discrepancies in the definition and regulation of whole grains and whole foods worldwide were identified. Despite their perceived nutritional benefits, whole products exhibited comparable nutritional profiles, including fiber content, to refined counterparts. Variations in labeling practices and nutrient composition were observed across different countries and organizations.
Conclusion: This study highlights the complexity and inconsistencies surrounding the definition and regulation of whole foods. Although often perceived as healthier options, the findings suggest that they do not always offer significant nutritional advantages over refined products, especially in terms of fiber content. Standardizing definitions and improving labeling practices are crucial steps to ensure that whole foods meet consumer expectations and contribute to healthier dietary choices.
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References
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Copyright (c) 2024 Miguel Angel Caro Roldan, Briana Davahiva Gómez Ramírez, Ana Maria Narváez Rivas
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