Nutrition Education Intervention on maternal knowledge, and perception toward infant and young child feeding in Abakaliki Metropolis, Nigeria
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Submitted
January 5, 2023
Published
July 22, 2023
Keywords:
-
Complementary feeding, , knowledge, perception, intention, nutrition intervention, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: The poor infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in developing countries require appropriate interventions targeted towards its improvement. Aims: To assess the impact of child feeding intervention on the maternal IYCF knowledge, perception and intention in Abakaliki Metropolis, Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: This quasi-experimental study adopted a mixed method approach and purposive sampling technique to recruited 100 eligible breastfeeding mother and child (6 – 12 months) pairs. The respondents were subjected to a one-day intervention which comprised 7 – hours detailed nutrition education on IYCF and hands-on-practical demonstration of indigenous complementary foods formulation/processing. Paired t-test was used to investigate the significant differences in the IYCF knowledge and perception before and after the intervention while focus group discussions identified their intended child feeding practices after the intervention. Results: Results reported a mild increase in the mean knowledge (13.71 + 3.67 to 15.79 + 3.97) and perception (16.86 + 4.36 to 17.21+ 2.96) score after the intervention. Qualitative data revealed mothers’ intention to stop; forceful feeding, offering processed drinks and early switching of breast. Furthermore, the respondents affirmed that they were furnished with the right knowledge/skills for enrichment and formulation of new/existing varieties of local complementary foods. Conclusion: The intervention increased maternal IYCF knowledge, perception and promoted good IYCF intentions. Increased nutrition education of the mothers should be encouraged as it facilitates the improvement in maternal IYCF knowledge, perception and feeding behaviors.
Keywords: Infant and young child feeding, knowledge, perception, intention, nutrition interventions.
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2. Panjwani, A., & Heidkamp, R. (2017). Complementary Feeding Interventions have a small but Significant Impact on Linear and Ponderal Growth of Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Nutrition, 147, 2169-2178 https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.243857
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6. Krebs, N.F., Hambidge, K.M., Mazariegos, M., Westcott, J., Goco, N., & Wright, LL. (2011). Complementary feeding: a global network cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatrics, 11(4), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-11-4
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10. Yusuf, P.A., Egbunu, F.A., Egwujeh, S.I.D., Opega, G.L., & Adikwu, M.O. (2013). Evaluation of Complementary Food Prepared from Sorghum, African Yam Bean (Sphenostylisstenocarpa) and Mango Mesocarp Flour Blends. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 12: 205-208. https://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2013.205.208
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21. Haider, R., Ashworth, A., Kabir, I., & Huttly, S.R. (2000). Effect of community-based peer counsellors on exclusive breastfeeding practices in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet, 356, 1643–1647 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03159-7.
22. Pelto, G. H., SantosI., Gonçalves H., Victora, C., Martines J., & Habicht, J.-P. (2004). Nutrition Counseling Training Changes Physician Behavior and Improves Caregiver Knowledge Acquisition. The Journal of Nutrition, 134(2), 357–362. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/134.2.357
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29. Ng, C. S., Dibley, M. J., & Agho, K. E. (2011). Complementary feeding indicators and determinants of poor feeding practices in Indonesia: a secondary analysis of 2007 Demographic and Health Survey data. Public Health Nutrition, 15(5), 827–839. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011002485
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1. Black, R.E., Victora, C.G., Walker,S.P.,Bhutta, Z.A., Christian, P., De Onis, M., Ezzati, M., Grantham-McGregor, S., Katz, J., Martorell, R., et al. (2013). Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet, 382, 427– 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60937-x
2. Panjwani, A., & Heidkamp, R. (2017). Complementary Feeding Interventions have a small but Significant Impact on Linear and Ponderal Growth of Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Nutrition, 147, 2169-2178 https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.243857
3. World Health Organization (1998). Programme of Nutrition. Complementary feeding of young children in developing countries: a review of current scientific knowledge. 1998. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/65932
4. National Population Commission (NPC) [Nigeria] and ICF (2019). Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018 Key Indicators Report. Abuja, Nigeria, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NPC and ICF.
5. Arikpo, D., Edet, E.S., Chibuzor, M.T., Odey, F., & Caldwell, D.M. (2018). Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months and under. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 18 (5), CD011768. https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD011768.pub2
6. Krebs, N.F., Hambidge, K.M., Mazariegos, M., Westcott, J., Goco, N., & Wright, LL. (2011). Complementary feeding: a global network cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatrics, 11(4), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-11-4
7. Dewey, K.G. &Adu-Afarwuah, S. (2008). Systematic review of the efficacy and effectiveness of complementary feeding interventions in developing countries. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 4, 24-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2007.00124.x
8. Plessis, L.M., Kruger, H.S., & Sweet, L. (2013) Complementary feeding: a critical window of opportunity from six months onwards. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 26, 129–140.
9. Onoja, U.S., & Obizoba, I.C. (2009). Nutrient composition and organoleptic attributes of gruel based on fermented cereal, legume, tuber and root flour. Agro-Science Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension. 8, 162-168.
10. Yusuf, P.A., Egbunu, F.A., Egwujeh, S.I.D., Opega, G.L., & Adikwu, M.O. (2013). Evaluation of Complementary Food Prepared from Sorghum, African Yam Bean (Sphenostylisstenocarpa) and Mango Mesocarp Flour Blends. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 12: 205-208. https://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2013.205.208
11. Higgins, J.P.T., Thompson, S.G., Deeks, J.J., & Altman D.G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ, 327, 557‐560 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
12. Shah, A., Blackhall, K., Ker, K., & Patel, D. (2009). Educational interventions for the prevention of eye injuries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD006527.pub3
13. Brunello, G., Fort, M., Schneeweis, N., & Winter‐Ebmer, R. (2012). The causal effect of education on health what is the role of health behaviours? Working Paper Series 08‐2012 https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3141
14. Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
15. Swanson, V., & Power, K. (2005). Initiation and continuation of breastfeeding: theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 50: 272‐282 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03390.x
16. Zhang, Y., Wu, Q., Wang, W., Velthoven, M.H., Chang, S., Han, H., et al. (2016). Effectiveness of complementary food supplements and dietary counselling on anaemia and stunting in children aged 6‐23 months in poor areas of Qinghai Province, China: a controlled interventional study. BMJ Open, 6: e011234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011234
17. Hamilton, K., Daniels, L., White, K.M., Murray, N. & Walsh, A. (2011). Predicting mothers’ decisions to introduce complementary feeding at 6 months. An investigation using an extended theory of planned behaviour. Appetite 56: 674‐681 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.02.002.
18. Walingo, M.K., &Mutuli, L.A. (2014). Influence of maternal beliefs, attitude, perceived behavior on breast‐feeding among post-partum mothers in Western Kenya. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 13, 250‐254 https://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2014.250.254.
19. World Health Organization (2002). Global strategy for infant and young child feeding, Annex 2. Geneva: Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42590/9241562218.
20. Freed, G.L., Clark, S.J., Lohr, J.A., & Sorenson, J.R. (1995). Pediatrician Involvement in Breast-Feeding Promotion: A National Study of Residents and Practitioners. Pediatrics, 96, 490-494.
21. Haider, R., Ashworth, A., Kabir, I., & Huttly, S.R. (2000). Effect of community-based peer counsellors on exclusive breastfeeding practices in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet, 356, 1643–1647 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03159-7.
22. Pelto, G. H., SantosI., Gonçalves H., Victora, C., Martines J., & Habicht, J.-P. (2004). Nutrition Counseling Training Changes Physician Behavior and Improves Caregiver Knowledge Acquisition. The Journal of Nutrition, 134(2), 357–362. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/134.2.357
23. Penny, M. E., Creed-Kanashiro, H. M., Robert, R. C., Narro, M. R., Caulfield, L. E., & Black, R. E. (2005). Effectiveness of an educational intervention delivered through the health services to improve nutrition in young children: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 365(9474), 1863–1872. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66426-4
24. Ebonyi State (2015) Profile. Retrieved from https://www.ebonyistate.gov.ng/profile.aspx
25. Hoiberg, D.H. (2010). "Abakaliki". Encyclopedia Britannica. 1: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc; ed. 2010. ISBN 0-85229-961-3. LCCN 200211398
26. WHO and UNICEF (2021). Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: definitions and measurement methods; Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1341846/retrieve .
27. Ulin, P.R., Robinson, E.T., & Tolley, E.E. (2005). Qualitative methods in public health: a field guide for applied research. San Frocisico: Jossey-Bass.
28. Khanal, V., Sauer, K., & Zhao, Y. (2013). Determinants of complementary feeding practices among Nepalese children aged 6–23 months: findings from demographic and health survey 2011. BMC Pediatrics, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-13-131
29. Ng, C. S., Dibley, M. J., & Agho, K. E. (2011). Complementary feeding indicators and determinants of poor feeding practices in Indonesia: a secondary analysis of 2007 Demographic and Health Survey data. Public Health Nutrition, 15(5), 827–839. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011002485
30. Sika-Bright, S. (2010). Socio-cultural factors influencing infant feeding practices of mothers attending welfare clinic in Cape Coast, Ghana. Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Cape Coast.
31. Ajibade, B., Okunlade, J., Makinde, O., Amoo, P., &Adeyemo, M. (2013). Factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in rural communities of Osun State, Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Management, 5, 49-53.
32. Adelekan, D. A. (2003). Childhood nutrition and malnutrition in Nigeria. Nutrition, 19(2), 179–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(02)01101-2
33. Oche, M. & Umar, A. (2011). Ahmed H. Knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Kware. Nigeria. African Health Sciences, 11:518–552.
34. Nukpezah, R. N., Nuvor, S. V., & Ninnoni, J. (2018). Knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in the tamale metropolis of Ghana. Reproductive Health, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-018-0579-3
35. Mohammed, E., Ghazawy, E., & Hassan, E. (2014). Knowledge, attitude, and practices of breastfeeding and weaning among mothers of children up to 2 years old in a rural area in el-minia governorate, Egypt. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 3(2), 136. https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.137639
36. Chaudhary, R., Shah, T., & Raja, S. (1970). Knowledge and practice of mothers regarding breast feeding: a hospital based study. Health Renaissance, 9(3), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.3126/hren.v9i3.5590
37. Hasnain, S., Majrooh, M.A., &Anjum R. (2013). Knowledge and practices of mothers for complementary feeding in babies visiting pediatrics outpatient department of Jinnah hospital, Lahore. Biomedical Journal,29, 221–230.
38. Mohsin, S.S., Shaikh, A.S., Shaikh, R., Haider, N., &Parkash, A. (2014). Knowledge attitude and practice of mothers regarding complementary feeding. Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, 8(1), 21–25.
39. Gyampoh, S., Otoo, G. E., & Aryeetey, R. N. O. (2014). Child feeding knowledge and practices among women participating in growth monitoring and promotion in Accra, Ghana. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-180
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Authors
Edafioghor, L. O., Ezeonu, C. T., Asiegbu, U. V., & Iheme, G. O. (2023). Nutrition Education Intervention on maternal knowledge, and perception toward infant and young child feeding in Abakaliki Metropolis, Nigeria. The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 7(16), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.7.16.1-12
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