Consumption patterns of sugar-sweetened beverages among tertiary institution students in Abeokuta, Nigeria and their association with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes using FINDRISC
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Submitted
January 9, 2024
January 9, 2024
Published
August 15, 2024
August 15, 2024
Abstract
Background: Increased consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs), with overweight and obesity have been associated with the risk of developing type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Aims: This study was aimed at assessing the pattern of consumption of SSBs and factors associated with the risk of developing T2DM within ten years among emerging adults in Abeokuta, (Nigeria).
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 350 students in public tertiary institutions in Abeokuta was undertaken using stratified random sampling. Data on SSBs consumption pattern and risk of developing T2DM was obtained using validated questionnaire. Height, weight and waist circumference (used to assess abdominal obesity (AO) were measured using standard procedures. Body mass index (BMI/BMI-for-age) was calculated. Fischer’s exact test and binary logistic regression were employed to test for associations among variables.
Results: Most (62.9%) of the respondents were female and within the age-range of 20-24 years. Carbonated drinks were the most commonly consumed SSB (99.7%). Participants consuming carbonated drinks more than twice weekly had higher rate of overweight (27.3%) and obesity (12.0%). Consuming fruit drinks (OR = 15.2, 95% CI = 1.971, 117.400), malt drinks (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.862, 5.571), and other beverages (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.293, 6.899) more than twice weekly increased the odds of developing diabetes.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of SSB consumption among the study population highlights the need for interventions to reduce consumption and mitigate associated health risks, including overweight, obesity, and T2DM.
Keywords: Sugar-sweetened beverages, overweight, abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes, risk factors.
References
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Akinbule O, A., Ayotunde, A., Oladoyinbo, C. A, Adebukola, O. & Imoetin, O. (2021). Socio-economic determinants, behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and nutritional anthropometry of students of public tertiary institutions in Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Nutritional Sciences, 42(1), 17–29. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njns/article/view/216758 [Google Scholar]
Aynalem, S. B., & Zeleke, A. J. (2018). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors among individuals aged 15 years and above in Mizan-Aman town, southwest Ethiopia, 2016: A cross sectional study. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2018, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9317987 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Bawadi, H., Khataybeh, T., Obeidat, B., Kerkadi, A., Tayyem, R., Banks, A. D., & Subih, H. (2019). Sugar-sweetened beverages contribute significantly to college students’ daily caloric intake in Jordan: Soft drinks are not the major contributor. Nutrients, 11(5), 1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051058 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Bhattacharya, S., Heidler, P., & Varshney, S. (2023). Incorporating neglected non-communicable diseases into the national health program—A review. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1093170 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Biggelaar, L. J. C. J. Den, Sep, S. J. S., Mari, A., Ferrannini, E., Dongen, M. C. J. M. Van, Wijckmans, N. E. G., Schram, M. T., Kallen, C. J. Van Der, & Schaper, N. (2019). Association of artificially sweetened and sugar ‑ sweetened soft drinks with β ‑ cell function, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes: the Maastricht Study. European Journal of Nutrition, 0123456789, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02026-0 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Bipasha, M. S., Raisa, T. S., & Goon, S. (2017). Sugar sweetened beverages consumption among university students of Bangladesh. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 6(2), 157. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v6i2.6635 [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
Bleich, S. N., & Vercammen, K. A. (2018). The negative impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on children’s health: an update of the literature. BMC Obesity, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40608-017-0178-9 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Crichton, G. E., Elias, M. F., & Torres, R. V. (2016). Sugar-sweetened soft drinks are associated with poorer cognitive function in individuals with type 2 diabetes: the Maine–Syracuse Longitudinal Study. The British Journal of Nutrition, 115(8), 1397–1405. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516000325 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Deliens, T., Clarys, P., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Deforche, B. (2015). Correlates of university students’ soft and energy drink consumption according to gender and residency. Nutrients, 7(8), 6550–6566. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7085298 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
den Biggelaar, L. J. C. J., Sep, S. J. S., Mari, A., Ferrannini, E., van Dongen, M. C. J. M., Wijckmans, N. E. G., Schram, M. T., van der Kallen, C. J., Schaper, N., Henry, R. M. A., van Greevenbroek, M. M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Eussen, S. J. P. M. (2020). Association of artificially sweetened and sugar-sweetened soft drinks with β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes: the Maastricht Study. European journal of nutrition, 59(4), 1717–1727. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02026-0 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Elliott-Green, A., Hyseni, L., Lloyd-Williams, F., Bromley, H., & Capewell, S. (2016). Sugar-sweetened beverages coverage in the British media: an analysis of public health advocacy versus pro-industry messaging. BMJ Open, 6(7), e011295. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011295 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Evans, C. E. L., Christian, M. S., Cleghorn, C. L., Greenwood, D. C., & Cade, J. E. (2012). Systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to improve daily fruit and vegetable intake in children aged 5 to 12 y. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 96(4), 889–901. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.030270 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Eykelenboom, M., van Stralen, M. M., Olthof, M. R., Schoonmade, L. J., Steenhuis, I. H. M., & Renders, C. M. (2019). Political and public acceptability of a sugar-sweetened beverages tax: a mixed-method systematic review and meta-analysis. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-019-0843-0 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Fadupin, G., Ogunkunle, M. O., & Gabriel, O. (2014). Knowledge, Attitude and Consumption Pattern of Alcoholic and Sugar Sweetened Beverages among Undergraduates in a Nigerian Institution. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 17(2), 75–82. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajbr/article/download/113342/103058 [Google Scholar]
Frantsve-Hawley, J., Bader, J. D., Welsh, J. A., & Wright, J. T. (2017). A systematic review of the association between consumption of sugar‐containing beverages and excess weight gain among children under age 12. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 77(S1). https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12222 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Gan, W. Y., Mohamed, S. F., & Law, L. S. (2019). Unhealthy lifestyle associated with higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages among Malaysian school-aged adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(15), 2785. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152785 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Global Nutrition Report (2022). Country Nutrition Profiles - Global Nutrition Report. Retrieved January 29, 2023. Retrieved from https://globalnutritionreport.org/resources/nutrition-profiles/africa/western-africa/nigeria/
Gudjinu, H. Y., & Sarfo, B. (2017). Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus among out-patients in Ho, the Volta regional capital of Ghana: a case–control study. BMC Research Notes, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2648-z [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Huang, M., Quddus, A., Stinson, L., Shikany, J. M., Howard, B. V., Kutob, R. M., Lu, B., Manson, J. E., & Eaton, C. B. (2017). Artificially sweetened beverages, sugar-sweetened beverages, plain water, and incident diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women: the prospective Women’s Health Initiative observational study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 106(2), 614–622. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.145391 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Imamura, F., O’Connor, L., Ye, Z., Mursu, J., Hayashino, Y., Bhupathiraju, S. N., & Forouhi, N. G. (2015). Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), h3576. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h3576 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Lebel, A., Morin, P., Robitaille, É., Lalonde, B., Florina Fratu, R., & Bisset, S. (2016). Sugar sweetened beverage consumption among primary school students: Influence of the schools’ vicinity. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2016, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1416384 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Lee, A., Yu, D., Whang, J., Yu, Q. (lynn), & Yang, Z. (zee). (2018). HBI institutional responsibility: Sugar-sweetened beverages: Factors that influence motivation and consumption, correlates, and interventions among university students. The University of British Columbia. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0375710 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [Publisher]
Li, L., Yang, HY., Ma Y, Liangz, X.H., Xu, M., Zhang, J., Huang, Z.X., Meng, L.H., Zhou, J., Xian, J., Suo, Y.J., Huang, S., Cai, J.W., Meng, B.H., Zhao, Z.Y., Lu, J.L., Xu, Y., Wang, T.G., Li, M., Chen, Y.H., Wang, W.Q., Bi, Y.F., Ning, G., Shen, F.X., Hu, R.Y., Chen, G., Chen, L., Chen, L.L., Deng, H.C., Gao, Z.N., Huo, Y.N., Li, Q., Liu, C., Mu, Y.M., Qin, G.J., Shi, L.X., Su, Q., Wan, Q., Wang, G.X., Wang, S.Y., Wang, Y.M., Wu, S.L., Xu, Y.P., Yan, L., Yang, T., Ye, Z., Yu, X.F., Zhang, Y.F., Zhao, J.J., Zeng, T.S., Tang, X.L., Qin, Y.F., Luo, Z.J.; 4C Study Group (2023). Whole fresh fruit intake and risk of incident diabetes in different glycemic stages: a nationwide prospective cohort investigation. European Journal of Nutrition 62, 771–782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02998-6 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed] [Publisher]
Lindström, J., & Tuomilehto, J. (2003). The Diabetes Risk Score: a practical tool to predict type 2 diabetes risk. Diabetes Care, 26(3), 725–731. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.3.725 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Luger, M., Lafontan, M., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Winzer, E., Yumuk, V., & Farpour-Lambert, N. (2017). Sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain in children and adults: A systematic review from 2013 to 2015 and a comparison with previous studies. Obesity Facts, 10(6), 674–693. https://doi.org/10.1159/000484566 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Madiba, T. K., Bhayat, A., & Nkambule, N. (2017). Self-reported knowledge, attitude and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among undergraduate oral health students at a university in South Africa. Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry, 7(9), 137. https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_306_17 [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
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Authors
Akinbule, O., Adenusi, S., & Olurin, T. (2024). Consumption patterns of sugar-sweetened beverages among tertiary institution students in Abeokuta, Nigeria and their association with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes using FINDRISC. The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 8(18), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.8.18.43-55
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Article Details
Received 2024-01-09
Accepted 2024-08-09
Published 2024-08-15
Accepted 2024-08-09
Published 2024-08-15
