Regional and socio-demographic predictors of dietary proficiency of adolescent girls in Nigeria
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Submitted
June 6, 2024
Published
November 25, 2024
Abstract
Background: Dietary behaviors of female adolescents are of increasing concern due to their critical role in determining long-term health outcomes.
Aims: This study aimed at investigating dietary proficiency of adolescent girls aged 10 – 19.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 2261 in-school female adolescents aged 10 – 19 years. Participants were selected using a multistage stratified random sampling procedure was used to select participants from three geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Two states were selected from three geopolitical zones in Nigeria: North-Central (Kogi and Niger States), South-East (Abia and Imo States), and South-West (Osun and Ondo States). A validated questionnaire was employed to collect data on sociodemographic variables, Dietary Diversity (DD), Nutrition Knowledge (NK), and Dietary Behavior (DB). These variables were combined to define Dietary Proficiency. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Chi-square test assessed regional associations, while logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of dietary proficiency (DP). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: Significant regional variations were observed in DD (χ2 = 36.069), NK (χ2 = 56.895), DB (χ2 = 176.52), and DP (χ2 = 40.551). Older girls residing in peri-urban location, from Igbo ethnic group, and moderately large household predicted a likelihood of higher DD with odd ratios exceeding 1. Larger household size (OR = 1.056, 95% CI = 0.813 – 1.373) predicted higher NK. Residing in South-East region (OR = 2.030, 95% CI = 1.640 – 2.513) and being in the mid-adolescent girls (14 – 16 years) (OR = 2.093, 95%CI=1.589 – 2.756) doubled the likelihood of high DB. Predictors of higher DP included older age (OR = 1.160, 95% CI = 0.923 –1.457) and residence in the South-East region (OR = 1.148, 95% CI = 0.883–1.49).
Conclusion: Regional and sociodemographic differences significantly influenced dietary proficiency among adolescent girls. Addressed these disparities through targeted nutrition education and awareness programs is crucial for promoting healthier dietary behaviors and improving overall dietary proficiency in this population.
Keywords: Dietary Factors, School Adolescent Female, Food Choices, Food Intake, Nigeria.
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References
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Alami, A., Tavakoly Sany, S. B., Lael-Monfared, E., Ferns, G. A., Tatari, M., Hosseini, Z., & Jafari, A. (2019). Factors that influence dietary behaviour toward iron and vitamin D consumption based on the theory of planned behaviour in Iranian adolescent girls. Nutrition Journal, 18(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-019-0433-7
Alimi, B. A. (2016). Risk factors in street food practices in developing countries: A review. Food Science and Human Wellness, 5(3), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2016.05.001
Ayinde, O. E., Adewumi, M. O., Ajewole, O. O., Ologunde, O. O., (2017). Determinants of adoption of vitamin A bio-fortified cassava variety among farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 9(1), 74–79. https://doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2017.9.1.10
Biswas, T., Townsend, N., Huda, M. M., Maravilla, J., Begum, T., Pervin, S., Ghosh, A., Mahumud, R. A., Islam, S., Anwar, N., Rifhat, R., Munir, K., Gupta, R. D., Renzaho, A. M. N., Khusun, H., Wiradnyani, L. A. A., Radel, T., Baxter, J., Rawal, L. B., McIntyre, D., … Mamun, A. (2022). Prevalence of multiple non-communicable diseases risk factors among adolescents in 140 countries: A population-based study. EClinicalMedicine, 52, 101591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101591
Blondin, S. A., Anzman-Frasca, S., Djang, H. C., & Economos, C. D. (2016). Breakfast consumption and adiposity among children and adolescents: an updated review of the literature. Pediatric Obesity, 11(5), 333–348. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12082
Bucher, T., Collins, C., Diem, S., & Siegrist, M. (2016). Adolescents’ perception of the healthiness of snacks. Food Quality and Preference, 50, 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.02.001
Evans C. E. L. (2020). Next Steps for Interventions Targeting Adolescent Dietary Behaviour. Nutrients, 12(1), 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010190
Federal Government of Nigeria (FGoN) and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) (2024). National Food Consumption and Micronutrient Survey 2021. Final Report. Abuja and Ibadan, Nigeria: FGoN and IITA. 550 pp. Retrieved from: https://www.iita.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/NFCMS-2021-Final-Report.pdf
Friesen, V. M., Mbuya, M. N. N., Aaron, G. J., Pachón, H., Adegoke, O., Noor, R. A., Swart, R., Kaaya, A., Wieringa, F. T., & Neufeld, L. M. (2020). Fortified foods are major contributors to apparent intakes of vitamin A and iodine, but not iron, in diets of women of reproductive age in 4 African countries. The Journal of Nutrition, 150(8), 2183–2190. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa167
Harika, R., Faber, M., Samuel, F., Mulugeta, A., Kimiywe, J., & Eilander, A. (2017). Are Low Intakes and Deficiencies in Iron, Vitamin A, Zinc, and Iodine of Public Health Concern in Ethiopian, Kenyan, Nigerian, and South African Children and Adolescents? Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 38(3), 405–427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572117715818
Ilona, P., & HarvestPlus, Ibadan, Nigeria. (2017). Vitamin A cassava in Nigeria: Crop development and delivery. African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development, 17(02), 12000–12025. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.78.harvestplus09
Kheirouri, S., & Alizadeh, M. (2014). Process evaluation of a national school-based iron supplementation program for adolescent girls in Iran. BMC public health, 14, 959. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-959
Knijff, M., Roshita, A., Suryantan, J., Izwardy, D., & Rah, J. H. (2021). Frequent consumption of micronutrient-rich foods is associated with reduced risk of anemia among adolescent girls and boys in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 42(1_suppl), S59–S71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572120977455
Kumar, S., Ray, S., Roy, D., Ganguly, K., Dutta, S., Mahapatra, T., Mahapatra, S., Gupta, K., Chakraborty, K., Das, M. K., Guha, S., Deb, P. K., & Banerjee, A. K. (2017). Exercise and eating habits among urban adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Kolkata, India. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 468. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4390-9
Manjeru, P., Van Biljon, A., & Labuschagne, M. (2019). The development and release of maize fortified with provitamin A carotenoids in developing countries. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(8), 1284–1293. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1402751
Milosavljević, D., Mandić, M. L., & Banjari, I. (2015). Nutritional knowledge and dietary habits survey in high school population. Collegium Antropologicum, 39(1), 101–107.
Mullan, B., Wong, C., Kothe, E., O'Moore, K., Pickles, K., & Sainsbury, K. (2014). An examination of the demographic predictors of adolescent breakfast consumption, content, and context. BMC Public Health, 14, 264. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-264
Musaiger, A. O., Bader, Z., Al-Roomi, K., & D'Souza, R. (2011). Dietary and lifestyle habits amongst adolescents in Bahrain. Food & Nutrition Research, 55, 10.3402/fnr.v55i0.7122. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v55i0.7122
Naeeni, M., Jafari, S., Fouladgar, M., Heidari, K., Farajzadegan, Z., Fakhri, M., Karami, P., & Omidi, R. (2014). Nutritional knowledge, practice, and dietary habits among school children and adolescents. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5(14), 171. https://doi.org/10.4103/2008-7802.157687
Nkhata, S. G., Chilungo, S., Memba, A., & Mponela, P. (2020). Biofortification of maize and sweet potatoes with provitamin A carotenoids and implication on eradicating vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 2(100068), 100068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2020.100068
Norris, S. A., Frongillo, E. A., Black, M. M., Dong, Y., Fall, C., Lampl, M., Liese, A. D., Naguib, M., Prentice, A., Rochat, T., Stephensen, C. B., Tinago, C. B., Ward, K. A., Wrottesley, S. V., & Patton, G. C. (2022). Nutrition in adolescent growth and development. Lancet (London, England), 399(10320), 172–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01590-7
Nunn, R. L., Kehoe, S. H., Chopra, H., Sahariah, S. A., Gandhi, M., Di Gravio, C., Coakley, P. J., Cox, V. A., Sane, H., Shivshankaran, D., Marley-Zagar, E., Margetts, B. M., Jackson, A. A., Potdar, R. D., & Fall, C. H. D. (2019). Dietary micronutrient intakes among women of reproductive age in Mumbai slums. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 73(11), 1536–1545. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-019-0429-6
Ogunmoyela, O. A., Adekoyeni, O., Aminu, F., & Umunna, L. O. (2013). A critical evaluation of survey results of vitamin A and Fe levels in the mandatory fortified food vehicles and some selected processed foods in Nigeria. Nigerian Food Journal, 31(2), 52–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0189-7241(15)30077-1
Ohanenye, I. C., Emenike, C. U., Mensi, A., Medina-Godoy, S., Jin, J., Ahmed, T., Sun, X., & Udenigwe, C. C. (2021). Food fortification technologies: Influence on iron, zinc and vitamin A bioavailability and potential implications on micronutrient deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa. Scientific African, 11(e00667), e00667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00667
Olatona, F. A., Oloruntola, O. O., Adeniyi, O. F., & Amu, E. O. (2022). Association Between Breakfast Consumption and Anthropometrically Determined Nutritional Status of Secondary-School Adolescents in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. International Journal of MCH and AIDS, 11(1), e503. https://doi.org/10.21106/ijma.503
Olumakaiye, M. F., Nzeagwu, O. C., Otitioola, O. C., Ariyo, O., Abe, J., Popoola, B. R., Gbemileke, A., & Akinyotu, E. O. (2024). Region, location, and age-specific comparison of nutritional status of in-school adolescent girls (10-19 years) in Nigeria. World Nutrition, 15(2), 124–133. https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.2024152124-133
Olumakaiye, M. F. (2013). Dietary diversity as a correlate of undernutrition among school-age children in southwestern Nigeria (2013). Journal Child Nutrition & Management, 37(1).
Olumakaiye, M. F., Atinmo, T., & Olubayo-Fatiregun, M. A. (2010). Food consumption patterns of Nigerian adolescents and effect on body weight. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 42(3), 144–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2008.12.004
Patton, G. C., Sawyer, S. M., Santelli, J. S., Ross, D. A., Afifi, R., Allen, N. B., Arora, M., Azzopardi, P., Baldwin, W., Bonell, C., Kakuma, R., Kennedy, E., Mahon, J., McGovern, T., Mokdad, A. H., Patel, V., Petroni, S., Reavley, N., Taiwo, K., Waldfogel, J., … Viner, R. M. (2016). Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. Lancet (London, England), 387(10036), 2423–2478. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00579-1
Research Advisor. Sample Size Table. (2006). Retrieved from https://www.research-advisors.com/tools/SampleSize.htm
Salam, R. A., Hooda, M., Das, J. K., Arshad, A., Lassi, Z. S., Middleton, P., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2016). Interventions to Improve Adolescent Nutrition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 59(4S), S29–S39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.022
Sanlier, N., Sezgin, A. C., Sahin, G., & Yassibas, E. (2018). A study about the young consumers' consumption behaviors of street foods. Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, 23(5), 1647–1656. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018235.17392016
Sichert-Hellert, W., Beghin, L., De Henauw, S., Grammatikaki, E., Hallström, L., Manios, Y., Mesana, M. I., Molnár, D., Dietrich, S., Piccinelli, R., Plada, M., Sjöström, M., Moreno, L. A., Kersting, M., & HELENA Study Group (2011). Nutritional knowledge in European adolescents: results from the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. Public Health Nutrition, 14(12), 2083–2091. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980011001352
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Authors
Olumakaiye, M. F., Nzeagwu, O. C., Otitoola , O. C., Ariyo, O., Abe, J., Popoola, B., Gbemileke, A., & Akinyotu, O. E. (2024). Regional and socio-demographic predictors of dietary proficiency of adolescent girls in Nigeria. The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 8(18), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.8.18.195-206
Copyright (c) 2024 Motunrayo Funke Olumakaiye, Ogechi Chinwe Nzeagwu, Olufunmilola Comfort Otitoola , Oluwaseun Ariyo, John Abe, Bolanle Popoola, Ayodele Gbemileke, Oseyemi Akinyotu
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Article Details
Received 2024-06-06
Accepted 2024-10-26
Published 2024-11-25
Accepted 2024-10-26
Published 2024-11-25
Funding data
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Tertiary Education Trust Fund
Grant numbers NRF_SETI_HSW_00161